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  2. Double minute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_minute

    Double minutes (DMs) are small fragments of extrachromosomal DNA, which have been observed in a large number of human tumors including breast, lung, ovary, colon, and most notably, neuroblastoma. They are a manifestation of gene amplification as a result of chromothripsis , [ 1 ] during the development of tumors, which give the cells selective ...

  3. Extrachromosomal DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrachromosomal_DNA

    Multiple forms of extrachromosomal DNA exist, and, while some of these serve important biological functions, [1] they can also play a role in diseases such as cancer. [2] [3] [4] In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids, whereas, in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. [1]

  4. Extrachromosomal circular DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrachromosomal_circular_DNA

    Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. [1] In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal ...

  5. Oncogenomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogenomics

    Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.

  6. Gene amplification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_amplification

    In research or diagnosis DNA amplification can be conducted through methods such as: Polymerase chain reaction , an easy, cheap, and reliable way to repeatedly replicate a focused segment of DNA by polymerizing nucleotides, a concept which is applicable to numerous fields in modern biology and related sciences.

  7. Amplicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplicon

    It is also implicated in several forms of human cancer including primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. [5] In this context the term amplicon can refer both to a section of chromosomal DNA that has been excised, amplified, and reinserted elsewhere in the genome , and to a fragment of extrachromosomal DNA known as a double ...

  8. Postpartum Weight Loss: 3 Steps to Get Started (& More Tips ...

    www.aol.com/postpartum-weight-loss-3-steps...

    1. Eat Nutritious Foods. A healthy eating plan is the cornerstone of any weight loss journey. Eating nutritious foods can also help you avoid postpartum weight gain. Opt for whole foods full of ...

  9. Alkylating antineoplastic agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylating_antineoplastic...

    An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkyl group (C n H 2n+1) to DNA. [1] Since cancer cells, in general, proliferate faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to DNA damage—such as being alkylated. Alkylating agents are used to ...