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Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.
(1 byte) True: \x08\x01 False: \x08\x00 (2 bytes) int32: 32-bit little-endian 2's complement or int64: 64-bit little-endian 2's complement: Double: little-endian binary64: UTF-8-encoded, preceded by int32-encoded string length in bytes BSON embedded document with numeric keys BSON embedded document Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR ...
MessagePack is more compact than JSON, but imposes limitations on array and integer sizes.On the other hand, it allows binary data and non-UTF-8 encoded strings. In JSON, map keys have to be strings, but in MessagePack there is no such limitation and any type can be a map key, including types like maps and arrays, and, like YAML, numbers.
Go has a number of built-in types, including numeric ones (byte, int64, float32, etc.), Booleans, and byte strings (string). Strings are immutable; built-in operators and keywords (rather than functions) provide concatenation, comparison, and UTF-8 encoding/decoding. [60] Record types can be defined with the struct keyword. [61]
For example, 32 contiguous bits may be treated as an array of 32 Booleans, a 4-byte string, an unsigned 32-bit integer or an IEEE single precision floating point value. Because the stored bits are never changed, the programmer must know low level details such as representation format, byte order, and alignment needs, to meaningfully cast.
An important differentiator to JSON is that BSON contains types not present in JSON (e.g. datetime, byte array, and proper IEEE 754 floats) and offers type-strict handling for several numeric types instead of a universal "number" type.
A "character" in the algorithm can be a byte, or a bit, or any other convenient size. One may also make the observation that mathematically, the encoded string can be computed as a simple modification of the suffix array, and suffix arrays can be computed with linear time and memory. The BWT can be defined with regards to the suffix array SA of ...
Modern microprocessors will allow for much faster processing if 8-bit character strings are not hashed by processing one character at a time, but by interpreting the string as an array of 32-bit or 64-bit integers and hashing/accumulating these "wide word" integer values by means of arithmetic operations (e.g. multiplication by constant and bit ...