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Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). [2] [3] Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. [2] In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and ...
Many children who become infected with EBV display no symptoms or the symptoms are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. [21] When infection occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35 to 50% of the time. [22] EBV infects B cells of the immune system and epithelial cells.
It usually presents in children 4–7 years old and in almost all cases is associated with EBV infection. [31] Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) is rare. It occurs in children and, less commonly, older (>60 years) adults. [16] It is found primarily in Northern and Eastern Europe, East Asia, and North America. [32] There are ~1,200 cases/year in ...
There are several forms of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. These include asymptomatic infections, the primary infection, infectious mononucleosis, and the progression of asymptomatic or primary infections to: 1) any one of various Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases such as chronic active EBV infection, EBV+ hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Burkitt's lymphoma ...
It will generally not be positive during the 4–6 week incubation period before the onset of symptoms. The highest amount of heterophile antibodies occurs 2 to 5 weeks after the onset of symptoms. [9] If positive, it will remain so for at least six weeks. [10] An elevated heterophile antibody level may persist up to 1 year. [9]
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In children up to the age of 12 cervical nodes up to 1 cm in size may be palpable and this may not signify any disease. [4] If nodes heal by resolution or scarring after being inflamed, they may remain palpable thereafter. [1] In children, most palpable cervical lymphadenopathy is reactive or infective.
CMV mononucleosis (some sources reserve "mononucleosis" for Epstein–Barr virus only). However, the mononucleosis syndrome associated with CMV typically lacks signs of enlarged cervical lymph nodes and splenomegaly. [43] [22] CMV has also been associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome, [44] type 1 diabetes, [45] and type 2 diabetes. [46]