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For example, in a study examining the effect of post-secondary education on lifetime earnings, some extraneous variables might be gender, ethnicity, social class, genetics, intelligence, age, and so forth. A variable is extraneous only when it can be assumed (or shown) to influence the dependent variable.
Therefore, the solution = is extraneous and not valid, and the original equation has no solution. For this specific example, it could be recognized that (for the value =), the operation of multiplying by () (+) would be a multiplication by zero. However, it is not always simple to evaluate whether each operation already performed was allowed by ...
By using one of these methods to account for nuisance variables, researchers can enhance the internal validity of their experiments, ensuring that the effects observed are more likely attributable to the manipulated variables rather than extraneous influences. In the first example provided above, the sex of the patient would be a nuisance variable.
The variables made to remain constant during an experiment are referred to as control variables. For example, if an outdoor experiment were to be conducted to compare how different wing designs of a paper airplane (the independent variable) affect how far it can fly (the dependent variable), one would want to ensure that the experiment is ...
Typically, demand characteristics are considered an extraneous variable, exerting an effect on behavior other than that intended by the experimenter. Pioneering research was conducted on demand characteristics by Martin Orne. [2]
Confounding, in statistics, an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (directly or inversely) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable Hidden transformation , in computer science, a way to transform a generic constraint satisfaction problem into a binary one by introducing new hidden variables
Other variables researchers consider in experimentation are known as the extraneous variables, and are either controllable or confounding (more than one variable at play). Confounding variables are external variables that are not taken into account when conducting an experiment. [6]
In an economic model, an exogenous variable is one whose measure is determined outside the model and is imposed on the model, and an exogenous change is a change in an exogenous variable. [1]: p. 8 [2]: p. 202 [3]: p. 8 In contrast, an endogenous variable is a variable whose measure is determined by the model. An endogenous change is a change ...