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  2. Ad hominem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hominem

    Ad hominem (Latin for 'to the person'), short for argumentum ad hominem, refers to several types of arguments that are usually fallacious.Often currently this term refers to a rhetorical strategy where the speaker attacks the character, motive, or some other attribute of the person making an argument rather than the substance of the argument itself.

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    This type of ad hominem is not a fallacy.) Circumstantial ad hominem – stating that the arguer's personal situation or perceived benefit from advancing a conclusion means that their conclusion is wrong. [73] Poisoning the well – a subtype of ad hominem presenting adverse information about a target person with the intention of discrediting ...

  4. Association fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fallacy

    A form of the association fallacy often used by those denying a well-established scientific or historical proposition is the so-called Galileo gambit or Galileo fallacy. [4] The argument runs thus: Galileo was ridiculed in his time for his scientific observations, but was later acknowledged to be right; the proponent argues that since their non ...

  5. Tu quoque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_quoque

    Tu quoque (/ tj uː ˈ k w oʊ k w iː /; [1] Latin for 'you also') is a discussion technique that intends to discredit the opponent's argument by attacking the opponent's own personal behavior and actions as being inconsistent with their argument, so that the opponent appears hypocritical. This specious reasoning is a special type of ad ...

  6. Argument from authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_authority

    This argument has been considered a logical fallacy since its introduction by John Locke and Richard Whately. [9] In particular, this is a form of genetic fallacy; in which the conclusion about the validity of a statement is justified by appealing to the characteristics of the person who is speaking, such as in the ad hominem fallacy. [10]

  7. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    Insulting someone's character (argumentum ad hominem) Assuming the conclusion of an argument, a kind of circular reasoning, also called "begging the question" (petitio principii) Making jumps in logic (non sequitur) Identifying a false cause and effect (post hoc ergo propter hoc) Asserting that everyone agrees (argumentum ad populum, bandwagoning)

  8. Tone policing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_policing

    A tone argument (also called tone policing) is a type of ad hominem aimed at the tone of an argument instead of its factual or logical content in order to dismiss a person's argument. Ignoring the truth or falsity of a statement, a tone argument instead focuses on the emotion with which it is expressed.

  9. Whataboutism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whataboutism

    From a logical and argumentative point of view, whataboutism is considered a variant of the tu-quoque pattern (Latin 'you too', term for a counter-accusation), which is a subtype of the ad-hominem argument.