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A CT scan is the preferred method of diagnosis; however, free air from a perforation can often be seen on plain X-ray. [2] Perforation anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract typically requires emergency surgery in the form of an exploratory laparotomy. [2] This is usually carried out along with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. [2]
Attempts at removal can have severe and even lethal effects, such as the rupture of the colon wall by catheter or an acute angle of the fecaloma (stercoral perforation), followed by sepsis. It may also lead to stercoral perforation, a condition characterized by bowel perforation due to pressure necrosis from a fecal mass or fecaloma. [14] [15]
The condition is usually caused by Gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (). Clostridioides difficile is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics, causing pseudomembranous colitis, whereas Clostridium septicum is responsible for most cases of neutropenic enterocolitis.
Women over 50 are six times more likely to develop rectal prolapse than men. It is rare in men over 45 and in women under 20. [21] When males are affected, they tend to be young and report significant bowel function symptoms, especially obstructed defecation, [5] or have a predisposing disorder (e.g., congenital anal atresia). [10]
The bowel may be perforated. [4] Gas within the abdominal cavity seen on CT is understood to be a diagnostic sign of bowel perforation ; however intra-abdominal air can also be caused by pneumothorax (air in the pleural cavity outside the lungs that has escaped from the respiratory system ) or pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum , the ...
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]
Typical symptoms can include abdominal pain, abdominal distention, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, rectal bleeding, and possible bowel perforation. [2] Patients that develop bowel perforation may present in an acute state with severe abdominal pain and signs of perforation, such as abdominal distention, guarding and rigidity , and ...
Stercoral perforation [1] is the perforation or rupture of the intestine's walls by its internal contents, such as hardened feces or foreign objects. Hardened stools may form in prolonged constipation or other diseases which cause obstruction of transit, such as Chagas disease, Hirschprung's disease, toxic colitis, hypercalcemia, and megacolon.