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The TCR is composed of two different protein chains (that is, it is a hetero dimer). In humans, in 95% of T cells the TCR consists of an alpha (α) chain and a beta (β) chain (encoded by TRA and TRB, respectively), whereas in 5% of T cells the TCR consists of gamma and delta (γ/δ) chains (encoded by TRG and TRD, respectively).
The genetic spatio-temporal rule governing the TCR locus rearrangements imply that V(D)J rearrangements are not random, hence resulting in a smaller V(D)J diversity. [ 2 ] TCR gamma genes, in CD8 + CD45RO + memory T cells in blood: estimates range from 40,000 to 100,000 sub-types in healthy young adults and from 3,600 to 97,000 in healthy old ...
The rearrangement of the alpha (α) chain of the TCR follows β chain rearrangement, and resembles V-to-J rearrangement described for Ig light chains (see above). The assembly of the β- and α- chains results in formation of the αβ-TCR that is expressed on a majority of T cells .
Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most T cells are αβ (alpha beta) T cells with TCR composed of two glycoprotein chains called α (alpha) and β (beta) TCR chains. In contrast, γδ T cells have a TCR that is made up of one γ (gamma) chain and one δ (delta) chain.
T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) are small circles of DNA created in T-cells during their passage through the thymus as they rearrange their TCR genes. [1] Their presence indicates maturation of T cells; TRECs are reduced in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease).
Total Control Racing (TCR) was a toy brand from Ideal which debuted in the late 1970s, similar to slot car sets, with approximately HO scale cars (and smaller scale semi-trailer trucks) that operated on a slotless track.
CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) is a protein complex and T cell co-receptor that is involved in activating both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells). [1]
TCR-Seq (T-cell Receptor Sequencing) is a method used to identify and track specific T cells and their clones. [1] TCR-Seq utilizes the unique nature of a T-cell receptor (TCR) as a ready-made molecular barcode. [1] This technology can apply to both single cell sequencing technologies and high throughput screens [1]