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hists is a 2D-histogram of grayscale value and neighborhood average grayscale value pair. total is the number of pairs in the given image.it is determined by the number of the bins of 2D-histogram at each direction. threshold is the threshold obtained.
Ordered dithering is any image dithering algorithm which uses a pre-set threshold map tiled across an image. It is commonly used to display a continuous image on a display of smaller color depth. For example, Microsoft Windows uses it in 16-color graphics modes. The algorithm is characterized by noticeable crosshatch patterns in the result.
Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit bi-tonal black-and-white images, which, in the context of computer imaging, are images with only two colors: black and white (also called bilevel or binary images). Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. Grayscale images can be the result of measuring the intensity of light at each pixel ...
In mathematical morphology and digital image processing, a top-hat transform is an operation that extracts small elements and details from given images.There exist two types of top-hat transform: the white top-hat transform is defined as the difference between the input image and its opening by some structuring element, while the black top-hat transform is defined dually as the difference ...
being the total number of gray levels in the image (typically 256), n being the total number of pixels in the image, and () being in fact the image's histogram for pixel value i, normalized to [0,1]. Let us also define the cumulative distribution function corresponding to i as
This technique is commonly used for simplifying images, reducing storage requirements, and facilitating processing operations. In grayscale quantization, an image with N intensity levels is converted into an image with a reduced number of levels, typically L levels, where L<N. The process involves mapping each pixel's original intensity value ...
max is the maximum value for color level in the input image within the selected kernel. min is the minimum value for color level in the input image within the selected kernel. [4] Local contrast stretching considers each range of color palate in the image (R, G, and B) separately, providing a set of minimum and maximum values for each color palate.
For example, attempting to read a pixel 3 units outside an edge reads one 3 units inside the edge instead. Crop / Avoid overlap Any pixel in the output image which would require values from beyond the edge is skipped. This method can result in the output image being slightly smaller, with the edges having been cropped.