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2. Branched-chain amino acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain_amino_acid

   A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [1] Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric acid and alloisoleucine. Leucine ...

3. Isoleucine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucine

   Isoleucine, like other branched-chain amino acids, is associated with insulin resistance: higher levels of isoleucine are observed in the blood of diabetic mice, rats, and humans. [6] In diet-induced obese and insulin resistant mice, a diet with decreased levels of isoleucine (with or without the other branched-chain amino acids) results in ...

4. Amino acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

   These chains are linear and unbranched, with each amino acid residue within the chain attached to two neighboring amino acids. In nature, the process of making proteins encoded by RNA genetic material is called translation and involves the step-by-step addition of amino acids to a growing protein chain by a ribozyme that is called a ribosome. [58]

5. Category:Branched-chain amino acids - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Branched-chain...

   Pages in category "Branched-chain amino acids" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...

6. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain_alpha-keto...

   In animal tissue, BCKDC catalyzes an irreversible step [2] in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine, acting on their deaminated derivatives (L-alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, and alpha-ketoisocaproate, respectively) and converting them [3] to α-Methylbutyryl-CoA, Isobutyryl-CoA and Isovaleryl-CoA respectively.

7. Purine nucleotide cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine_nucleotide_cycle

   Interaction between branched-chain amino acids and the purine nucleotide cycle in muscles. Fumarate, produced from the purine nucleotide cycle, is an intermediate of TCA cycle and enters the mitochondria by converting into malate and utilizing the malate shuttle where it is converted into oxaloacetic acid (OAA).

8. Organic acidemia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_acidemia

   The branched-chain amino acids include isoleucine, leucine and valine. [1] Organic acids refer to the amino acids and certain odd-chained fatty acids which are affected by these disorders. The four main types of organic acidemia are: methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia, isovaleric acidemia, and maple syrup urine disease. [1]

9. Acetolactate synthase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetolactate_synthase

   The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid or acetohydroxyacid synthase, abbr. AHAS) [2] is a protein found in plants and micro-organisms. ALS catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine).