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On the other hand, visual art critic Clement Greenberg called German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) "the first real modernist", [49] although he also wrote, "What can be safely called modernism emerged in the middle of the last century—and rather locally, in France, with Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867) in literature and Manet in ...
Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. [1] The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. [ 2 ]
Modern art therefore belongs only to the later phases of modernity. [ 73 ] For this reason art history keeps the term modernity distinct from the terms Modern Age and Modernism – as a discrete "term applied to the cultural condition in which the seemingly absolute necessity of innovation becomes a primary fact of life, work, and thought".
Postmodernism in visual art begins and functions as a parallel to late modernism [3] and refers to that period after the "modern" period called contemporary art. [4] The postmodern period began during late modernism (which is a contemporary continuation of modernism), and according to some theorists postmodernism ended in the 21st century.
Dadaism preceded Surrealism, where the theories of Freudian psychology led to the depiction of the dream and the unconscious in art in work by Salvador Dalí. Kandinsky's introduction of non-representational art preceded the 1950s American Abstract Expressionist school, including Jackson Pollock, who dripped paint onto the canvas, and Mark Rothko, who created large areas of flat colour.
Note: there is overlap with what is considered "contemporary art" and "modern art." Contemporary Greek art – 1945 Greece; Vienna School of Fantastic Realism – 1946, Austria; Neo-Dada – 1950s, international; International Typographic Style – 1950s, Switzerland; Soviet Nonconformist Art – 1953 – 1986, Soviet Union
The early part of the period lasted 25 years and ended around 1935, when modern art was referred to as, what Greenberg called the avant-garde. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City displayed the contemporary work of European artists, as well as Americans.
There is no agreement that all art after modernism is post-modern. Contemporary art is the more-widely used term to denote work since roughly 1960, though it has many other uses as well. Nor is post-modern art universally separated from modernism, with many critics seeing it as merely another phase in modern art or as another form of late ...