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The gastrointestinal wall is composed of four layers surrounding a central lumen. Gastrointestinal perforation is defined by a full-thickness injury to all layers of the gastrointestinal wall, resulting in a hole in the hollow GI tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine). A hole can occur due to direct mechanical injury or ...
Perforated ulcer; Other names: Ruptured ulcer: Endoscopic image of a posterior wall duodenal ulcer with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and could potentially lead to perforation. Specialty: Gastroenterology Symptoms: Abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea: Complications: Bowel perforation, sepsis ...
Risk factors: Chronic bowel disease: Prognosis: Fatal without treatment: Toxic megacolon is an acute form of colonic distension. [2] ... Perforation of the colon [3 ...
Elevations in fecal calprotectin correlate with the extent of intestinal inflammation. [2] Computed tomography (CT) imaging may show evidence of colitis, though the sensitivity is relatively low (50%). [1] Free air in the peritoneum indicates bowel perforation. [1] Abdominal imaging may be necessary to rule out toxic megacolon or perforation. [1]
Intestinal ischemia is a medical condition in which injury to the large or small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply. [2] It can come on suddenly, known as acute intestinal ischemia, or gradually, known as chronic intestinal ischemia. [ 1 ]
Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, a ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder. [3] Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis. [4]
Stercoral perforation [1] is the perforation or rupture of the intestine's walls by its internal contents, such as hardened feces or foreign objects. Hardened stools may form in prolonged constipation or other diseases which cause obstruction of transit, such as Chagas disease, Hirschprung's disease, toxic colitis, hypercalcemia, and megacolon.
Peptic ulcer disease may cause perforation of the bowel but rarely requires bowel resection. Peptic ulcer disease is caused by stomach acid overwhelming the protection of mucus production. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, and NSAID use. The standard treatment is medical management, endoscopy followed by surgical omental patch ...