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  2. Nitroxoline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroxoline

    Nitroxoline is an antibiotic [1] that has been in use in Europe for about fifty years, and has proven to be very effective at combating biofilm infections. Nitroxoline was shown to cause a decrease in the biofilm density of P. aeruginosa infections, which would allow access to the infection by the immune system in vivo. [2]

  3. Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamphenicol_glycinate...

    TGA is effective in eradicating biofilms in otolaryngologic infections, [2] as biofilms are often resistant to treatment with antibiotics. [3] Biofilms are complex communities of bacteria that can adhere to surfaces and are known to be highly resistant to antibiotic treatment and immune responses, [4] [5] so the ability of TGA to effectively ...

  4. Staphylococcus epidermidis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidis

    Antibiotics are largely ineffective in clearing biofilms. The most common treatment for these infections is to remove or replace the infected implant, though in all cases, prevention is ideal. The drug of choice is often vancomycin, to which rifampin or an aminoglycoside can be added.

  5. Staphylococcus aureus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus

    An alternative to postsurgical antibiotic treatment is using antibiotic-loaded, dissolvable calcium sulfate beads, which are implanted with the medical device. These beads can release high doses of antibiotics at the desired site to prevent the initial infection. [48] Novel treatments for S. aureus biofilm involving nano silver particles ...

  6. Biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm

    The level of antibiotic resistance in a biofilm is much greater than that of non-biofilm bacteria, and can be as much as 5,000 times greater. [50] The extracellular matrix of biofilm is considered one of the leading factors that can reduce the penetration of antibiotics into a biofilm structure and contributes to antibiotic resistance. [133]

  7. Prosthetic joint infection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthetic_joint_infection

    The treatment is a combination of systemic antibiotics, debridement of infectious and necrotic tissue and local antibiotics applied to the joint space. The bacteria that usually cause prosthetic joint infections commonly form a biofilm, or a thick slime that is adherent to the artificial joint surface, thus making treatment challenging.

  8. Staphylococcus haemolyticus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_haemolyticus

    Infections can be localized or systemic, and are often associated with the insertion of medical devices. [6] [7] [8] The highly antibiotic-resistant phenotype and ability to form biofilms make S. haemolyticus a difficult pathogen to treat. [5] Its most closely related species is Staphylococcus borealis. [9]

  9. Pathogenic Escherichia coli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli

    Antibiotics which may be used to treat E. coli infection include amoxicillin, as well as other semisynthetic penicillins, many cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and the aminoglycosides. [citation needed] Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem.

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