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Stream Gaging Station, Carnation, Washington Automated direct measurement of stream discharge is difficult at present. Mathematically, measuring stream discharge is estimating the volumetric flow rate, which is in general a flux integral and thus requires many cross-sectional velocity measurements.
In hydrology, a rating curve is a graph of discharge versus stage for a given point on a stream, usually at gauging stations, where the stream discharge is measured across the stream channel with a flow meter. [1] Numerous measurements of stream discharge are made over a range of stream stages.
A discharge is a measure of the quantity of any fluid flow over unit time. The quantity may be either volume or mass. Thus the water discharge of a tap (faucet) can be measured with a measuring jug and a stopwatch. Here the discharge might be 1 litre per 15 seconds, equivalent to 67 ml/second or 4 litres/minute. This is an average measure.
For each gaging station, a relation between gage height and streamflow is determined by simultaneous measurements of gage height and streamflow over the natural range of flows (from very low flows to floods). This relation provides the streamflow data from that station. [5]
A stream hydrograph is commonly determining the influence of different hydrologic processes on discharge from the subject catchment. Because the timing, magnitude, and duration of groundwater return flow differs so greatly from that of direct runoff, separating and understanding the influence of these distinct processes is key to analyzing and simulating the likely hydrologic effects of ...
ASTM D1941 – 91(2013) Standard Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement of Water with the Parshall Flume; ISO 9826:1992 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Open Channels – Parshall and SANIIRI Flumes; JIS B7553-1993 Parshall Flume Type Flowmeters; Bos, Marinus (1989). Discharge Measurement Structures. Third edition revised. Publication 20 ...
At a gaging station south of Naper in Boyd County, the river's mean discharge was 138.6 cubic feet per second (3.92 m 3 /s). The maximum mean annual discharge was 389.4 cubic feet per second (11.03 m 3 /s), recorded in 1962; the minimum mean annual discharge was 44.5 cubic feet per second (1.26 m 3 /s), recorded in 1976. [14]
The free-flow discharge can be summarized as [3] = = Where Q is flow rate "C" is the free-flow coefficient; K is the free-flow length coefficient for the flume; H is the head at the primary point of measurement; n is the free-flow exponent "W" is the throat width