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The observational result of Hubble's law, the proportional relationship between distance and the speed with which a galaxy is moving away from us, usually referred to as redshift, is a product of the cosmic distance ladder. Edwin Hubble observed that fainter galaxies are more redshifted. Finding the value of the Hubble constant was the result ...
Distance measures are used in physical cosmology to give a natural notion of the distance between two objects or events in the universe.They are often used to tie some observable quantity (such as the luminosity of a distant quasar, the redshift of a distant galaxy, or the angular size of the acoustic peaks in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum) to another quantity that is ...
Hubble's law is considered the first observational basis for the expansion of the universe, and is one of the pieces of evidence most often cited in support of the Big Bang model. [8] [17] The motion of astronomical objects due solely to this expansion is known as the Hubble flow. [18]
Hubble radius, Hubble sphere (not to be confused with a Hubble bubble), Hubble volume, or Hubble horizon is a conceptual horizon defining the boundary between particles that are moving slower and faster than the speed of light relative to an observer at one given time. Note that this does not mean the particle is unobservable; the light from ...
Selected distance estimates to the Pleiades Year Distance Notes 1999 125 Hipparcos [66] 2004 134.6 ± 3.1 Hubble Fine Guidance Sensor [58] 2009 120.2 ± 1.9 Revised Hipparcos [2] 2014 136.2 ± 1.2 Very-long-baseline interferometry [62] 2016 134 ± 6 Gaia Data Release 1 [63] 2018 136.2 ± 5.0 Gaia Data Release 2 [64] 2023 135.74 ± 0.10 pc
[18] [19] The research team used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to measure the distance to GN-z11 spectroscopically, measuring the redshift caused by the expansion of the universe. [20] The findings, which were announced in March 2016, revealed the galaxy to be farther away than originally thought, at the distance limit of what the Hubble ...
The 2007 new Hipparcos reduction gives a statistically more accurate parallax of 8.51 ± 0.28 mas, indicating a distance of 118 ± 4 pc. [2] Analysis of Gaia parallaxes for the whole Pleiades cluster give an average distance of 136.2 ± 5.0 pc , [ 18 ] while VLBI measurements of multiple members give a distance of 136.2 ± 1.2 pc .
The ratio between these quantities gives the Hubble rate, in accordance with Hubble's law. Typically, the distance is measured using a standard candle, which is an object or event for which the intrinsic brightness is known. The object's distance can then be inferred from the observed apparent brightness. Meanwhile, the recession speed is ...