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2. List of commercially available roofing materials - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_commercially...

   Asphalt shingle made of bitumen embedded in an organic or fiberglass mat, usually covered with colored, man-made ceramic grit. Cheaper than slate or tiles. The reduced cost of this particular style of roofing is especially apparent in its application and removal. Installation is very streamlined and a rapid process.

3. Bioasphalt - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioasphalt

   Bioasphalt is an asphalt alternative made from non-petroleum based renewable resources.. These sources include sugar, molasses and rice, corn and potato starches, natural tree and gum resins, natural latex rubber and vegetable oils, lignin, cellulose, palm oil waste, coconut waste, peanut oil waste, canola oil waste, dried sewerage effluent and so on. [1]

4. Chipseal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipseal

   Chip seal products can be installed over gravel roads to eliminate the cost of grading, road roughness, dust, mud, and the cost of adding gravel lost from grading. Adding chip seal over gravel is about 25% of the price of resurfacing with asphalt, $170,000 for a 4-mile project done in Minnesota [6] compared to $760,000 had it been redone with ...

5. Permeable paving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeable_paving

   Permeable pavement surfaces may be composed of; pervious concrete, porous asphalt, paving stones, or interlocking pavers. [1] Unlike traditional impervious paving materials such as concrete and asphalt, permeable paving systems allow stormwater to percolate and infiltrate through the pavement and into the aggregate layers and/or soil below. In ...

6. Plastic road - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_road

   Using less asphalt saves on cost and resources. Asphalt concrete requires petroleum which is becoming more scarce. [7] [24] The addition of plastic in asphalt can reduce the viscosity of the mix. This allows a lower working temperature, which lowers VOC and CO emissions. [4] Plastic-bitumen composite roads have better wear resistance than ...

7. Bitumen - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumen

   However, bitumen is a highly traded commodity today. Its prices increased substantially in the early 21st Century. A U.S. government report states: "In 2002, asphalt sold for approximately $160 per ton. By the end of 2006, the cost had doubled to approximately $320 per ton, and then it almost doubled again in 2012 to approximately $610 per ton ...