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Gemological Science International, or GSI, is an independent gemological organization that is one of the largest gemological entities in the world, with offices in four continents. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
International Gemological Institute (IGI) is a Belgian diamond, colored stone and jewelry certification organization. Established in 1975, it is the largest independent gemological laboratory worldwide. [1]
In 1953 the GIA developed its International Diamond Grading System and the "four Cs" (cut, clarity, color, and carat weight) as a standard to compare and evaluate the quality of diamonds. [2] Today, [when?] the institute is headquartered in Carlsbad, California, and operates in 13 countries, with 11 campuses, 9 laboratories, and 4 research centers.
Battelle Memorial Institute (or simply Battelle) is a private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. The institute opened in 1929 but traces its origins to the 1923 will of Ohio industrialist Gordon Battelle which provided for its creation and his mother Annie Maude Norton Battelle who left ...
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Science & Tech. Shopping. Sports. Weather. Most older Americans want to age in place, new report finds. What are the barriers? Andrea Riquier, USA TODAY. Updated December 11, 2024 at 11:42 AM.
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Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy . Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.