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A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels.
Meyer's law is often used to relate hardness values based on the fact that if the weight is quartered, the diameter of the indenter is halved. For instance, the hardness values are the same for a test load of 3000 kgf with a 10 mm indenter and for a test load of 750 kgf with a 5 mm diameter indenter.
A Rockwell hardness tester. The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load (major load) compared to the penetration made by a preload (minor load). [1]
The principle behind the test is that the mean pressure required to test the material is the measurement of the hardness of the material. Units of megapascals (MPa) are frequently used for reporting Meyer hardness, but any unit of pressure can be used. [2]
Use of SPT data for direct prediction of liquefaction potential suffers from roughness of correlations and from the need to "normalize" SPT data to account for overburden pressure, sampling technique, and other factors. [4] Additionally, the method cannot collect accurate data for weak soil layers for several reasons:
The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). The hardness number can be converted into units of pascals, but should not be confused with pressure, which uses the same units. The hardness number is determined by the load over the surface area of the indentation and not the ...
Scratch hardness. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness; The Vickers hardness test; The Brinell scale; The Janka hardness test; The Rockwell scale; The Durometer scale; The Barcol scale; The Leeb rebound hardness scale; The Rosiwal scale; The Meyer hardness test; The Knoop hardness test
Newmark's Influence Chart is an illustration used to determine the vertical pressure at any point below a uniformly loaded flexible area of soil of any shape. This method, like others, was derived by integration of Boussinesq's equation for a point load.