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The history of school counseling in the United States of America varies greatly based on how local communities have chosen to provide academic, career, college readiness, and personal/social skills and competencies to K-12 children and their families based on economic and social capital resources and public versus private educational settings in what is now called a school counseling program.
The list below includes these, and other, influential schools of thought in psychology: Activity-oriented approach; Analytical psychology; Anomalistic psychology
School counseling is a professional educational service wherein practitioners strive to meet the needs of students in three basic educational domains: academic development, career development, and personal/social development. This is accomplished through the implementation of a comprehensive school counseling program that promotes and enhances ...
Henri Ellenberger: The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry, Basic Books, 1981; Eva Illouz: Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-Help, University of California Press 2008, ISBN 0-520-25373-6; Renato Foschi & Marco Innamorati: A Critical History of
High school movement; History of education in New York City; History of education in the Southern United States; History of higher education in the United States; History of Higher Education of Women in the South, Prior to 1860; History of school counseling in the United States; Hosic Report on the Reorganization of English in the Secondary Schools
School social work in America began during the school year 1907–08 and was established simultaneously in New York City, Boston, Chicago and New Haven, Connecticut. [5] At its inception, school social workers were known, among other things, as advocates for new immigrants and welfare workers of equity and fairness for people of lower socioeconomic class as well as home visitors.
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The earliest pioneer of SBFC was Alfred Adler, the Austrian psychiatrist who developed 30 guidance clinics attached to schools in Vienna in the 1920s. Through these guidance clinics Adler and his colleagues counseled parents and teachers (often both together in large meetings where both groups were present) on how to help children overcome problems at home and school.