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Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental ...
In the regulation of gene expression, studied in evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), both activators and repressors play important roles. [4] Regulatory genes can also be described as positive or negative regulators, based on the environmental conditions that surround the cell.
Regulation of transcription in mammals. An active enhancer regulatory sequence of DNA is enabled to interact with the promoter DNA regulatory sequence of its target gene by formation of a chromosome loop. This can initiate messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) bound to the promoter at the transcription start site of the ...
Control of an operon is a type of gene regulation that enables organisms to regulate the expression of various genes depending on environmental conditions. Operon regulation can be either negative or positive by induction or repression. [16] Negative control involves the binding of a repressor to the operator to prevent transcription.
Polymorphism in this particular sequence has both positive and negative effects on the efficiency of base-pairing and subsequent protein expression. [2] Initiation is also regulated by proteins known as initiation factors which provide kinetic assistance to the binding between the initiation codon and tRNA fMet , which supplies the 3'-UAC-5 ...
An inducible gene is a gene whose expression is either responsive to environmental change or dependent on the position in the cell cycle. Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from the DNA-RNA transcription step to post-translational modification of a protein. The stability of the final gene product, whether it is RNA or protein, also ...
It hunts and feeds through a density-regulated method of predation that is "the regulation of gene expression in response to cell density." [ 28 ] The pilus propelled microorganism moves with the use of both S- and A- (or gliding) motility, which provide transportation across a dynamic range of different surfaces. [ 29 ]
Changes in the regulation of gene networks are a common mechanism for prokaryotic evolution.An example of the effects of different regulatory environments for homologous proteins is the DNA-binding protein OmpR, which is involved in response to osmotic stress in E. coli but is involved in response to acidic environments in the close relative Salmonella Typhimurium.