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Potassium manganate is the inorganic compound with the formula K 2 MnO 4. This green-colored salt is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4), a common chemical. [1] Occasionally, potassium manganate and potassium permanganate are confused, but each compound's properties are distinct.
A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] an alcohol to a ketone, [9] an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a cyclic Mn(V) species: [15]
The reagent is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate. Reaction with double or triple bonds (R 2 C=CR 2 or R−C≡C−R) causes the color to fade from purplish-pink to brown. Aldehydes and formic acid (and formates) also give a positive test. [43] The test is antiquated. Baeyer's reagent reaction
The reaction is considered Markovnikov as it results in water addition with same regiospecificity as a direct hydration reaction. Alkene hydroboration-oxidation: Stereospecific: Can only be syn addition – hydrogen and hydroxyl (-OH) are added to the same face. The reaction is anti-Markovnikov. Hydroxyl attaches to the less substituted carbon.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
[1] Ammonium permanganate decomposes explosively to manganese dioxide, nitrogen, and water: [2] 2 NH 4 MnO 4 → 2 MnO 2 + N 2 + 4 H 2 O. Ammonium permanganate decomposes slowly in storage even at normal temperatures. A sample stored for 3 months was only 96% pure, after 6 months it assumed color of iodine and had strong smell of nitrogen oxides.
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The salt is prepared from the reaction of potassium permanganate with calcium chloride [2] or from the reaction of aluminium permanganate with calcium oxide.It can also be prepared by reacting manganese dioxide with a solution of calcium hypochlorite and a little bit of calcium hydroxide to increase the pH level.