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Indulgences were, from the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, a target of attacks by Martin Luther and other Protestant theologians. Eventually, ...
Woodcut of an indulgence-seller in a church from a 1521 pamphlet Johann Tetzel's coffer, now on display at St. Nicholaus church in Jüterbog, Germany. Martin Luther, professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg and town preacher, [3] wrote the Ninety-five Theses against the contemporary practice of the church with respect to indulgences.
Johann Tetzel OP (c. 1465 – 11 August 1519) was a German Dominican friar and preacher. He was appointed Inquisitor for Poland and Saxony, [1] [2] later becoming the Grand Commissioner for indulgences in Germany.
The Catholic Church had technically banned the practice of selling indulgences as long ago as 1567. As the Times points out, a monetary donation wouldn't go amiss toward earning an indulgence. It ...
In the history of the Catholic Church, a crusade indulgence was any indulgence—remission from the penalties imposed by penance—granted to a person who participated in an ecclesiastically sanctioned crusade. [1] [2] It had its origins in the Council of Clermont that closed on 27 November 1095.
The key points were the victims of papal aggression, the sale of indulgences, abuses in the church, corruption, and conflicts at home. [ 141 ] Age of Enlightenment philosophers and historians such as David Hume , Voltaire and Edward Gibbon used crusading as a conceptual tool to critique religion, civilization and cultural mores.
A crusade bull or crusading bull (Latin: bulla cruciata) was a papal bull that granted privileges, including indulgences, to those who took part in the Crusades against infidels. [1] [2] A bull is an official document issued by a pope and sealed with a leaden bulla. All crusade bulls were written in Latin.
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