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Juvenile red foxes are known as kits. Males are called tods or dogs, females are called vixens, and young are known as cubs or kits. [14] Although the Arctic fox has a small native population in northern Scandinavia, and while the corsac fox's range extends into European Russia, the red fox is the only fox native to Western Europe, and so is simply called "the fox" in colloquial British English.
Foxes have been introduced in numerous locations, with varying effects on indigenous flora and fauna. [39] In some countries, foxes are major predators of rabbits and hens. Population oscillations of these two species were the first nonlinear oscillation studied and led to the derivation of the Lotka–Volterra equation. [40] [41]
This fox is a significant bird-egg predator, consuming eggs of all except the largest tundra bird species. [22] Arctic foxes survive harsh winters and food scarcity by either hoarding food or storing body fat subcutaneously and viscerally. At the beginning of winter, one Arctic fox has approximately 14740 kJ of energy storage from fat alone.
The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America.This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox (Urocyon littoralis) of the California Channel Islands, are the only living members of the genus Urocyon, which is considered to be genetically sister to all other living canids.
[8] or up to 60 km/h (40 mph) [15] The coyote is the swift fox's main predator, but at times chooses not to consume the swift fox, killing it more often as competition than as prey. [16] Other predators include the American badger, golden eagle, and bobcat. [16] It is also vulnerable to trapping and poisoning, as well as death on highways. [17]
The North American red foxes have been traditionally considered either as subspecies of the Old World red foxes or subspecies of their own species, V. fulva.Due to the opinion that North American red foxes were introduced from Europe, all North American red foxes have been seen as conspecific with V. vulpes; [2] however, genetic analyses of global red fox haplotypes indicates that the North ...
Natural predators of the corsac fox include gray wolf, Eurasian eagle-owl, eagles, and (rarely, for pups) the upland buzzard. [8] Golden eagles are major predators, with 38% of remains found belonging to the corsac fox at a golden eagle nest in Mongolia. [10] The Corsac fox is a nocturnal and nomadic hunter of the steppes.
The fox lives in all of the island biomes including temperate forest, temperate grassland and chaparral, with no island supporting more than 1,000 foxes. The island fox eats fruits, insects, birds, eggs, land snails, [14] crabs, lizards, amphibians, [14] and small mammals, including deer mice (Peromyscus sp.), as well as human refuse. [14]