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The stepped reckoner or Leibniz calculator was a mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (started in 1673, when he presented a wooden model to the Royal Society of London [2] and completed in 1694). [1]
Invented by Leibniz in 1673, it was used for three centuries until the advent of the electronic calculator in the mid-1970s. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz built a machine called the stepped reckoner based on the design of the stepped drum in 1694. [1]
Leibniz built two Stepped Reckoners, one in 1694 and one in 1706. [6] The Leibniz wheel was used in many calculating machines for 200 years, and into the 1970s with the Curta hand calculator, until the advent of the electronic calculator in the mid-1970s. Leibniz was also the first to promote the idea of an Pinwheel calculator. [7]
Stepped Reckoner, 1672 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Difference Engine, 1822 – Charles Babbage's mechanical device to calculate polynomials. Analytical Engine, 1837 – A later Charles Babbage device that could be said to encapsulate most of the elements of modern computers.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician. In engineering, the following concepts are attributed to Leibniz: Leibniz wheel, a cylinder used in a class of mechanical calculators; Leibniz calculator, a digital mechanical calculator based on the Leibniz wheel
250th death anniversary of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. 5 DM, silver, 1966. 200th birthday of Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt. 5 DM, silver, 1967. 150th birthday of Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen. 5 DM, silver, 1968. 500th death anniversary of Johannes Gutenberg. 5 DM, silver, 1968. 150th birthday of Max von Pettenkofer. 5 DM, silver, 1968.
Leibniz constructed just such a machine for mathematical calculations, which was also called a "stepped reckoner". As a computing machine, the ideal calculus ratiocinator would perform Leibniz's integral and differential calculus. In this way the meaning of the word, "ratiocinator" is clarified and can be understood as a mechanical instrument ...
A pinwheel calculator is a class of mechanical calculator described as early as 1685, and popular in the 19th and 20th century, calculating via wheels whose number of teeth were adjustable. These wheels, also called pinwheels, could be set by using a side lever which could expose anywhere from 0 to 9 teeth, and therefore when coupled to a ...