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Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is a delayed adverse reaction to a blood transfusion or platelet transfusion that occurs when the body has produced alloantibodies to the allogeneic transfused platelets' antigens. These alloantibodies destroy the patient's platelets leading to thrombocytopenia, a rapid decline in platelet count. [1]
If a person without a Kidd blood antigen (for example a Jka-Jkb+ patient) receives a Kidd antigen (Jka-antigen for example) in a red blood cell transfusion and forms an alloantibody (anti-Jka); upon subsequent transfusion with Jka-antigen positive red blood cells, the patient may have a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction as their anti-Jka antibody hemolyzes the transfused Jka-antigen ...
An allergic transfusion reaction is when a blood transfusion results in allergic reaction. It is among the most common transfusion reactions to occur. Reported rates depend on the degree of active surveillance versus passing reporting to the blood bank. [1] [2] Overall, they are estimated to complicate up to 3% of all transfusions. [3]
Type IV hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, often called delayed-type hypersensitivity, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that can take a day or more to develop. [1] Unlike the other types, it is not humoral (not antibody-mediated) but rather is a type of cell-mediated response.
Age has also been found to be a risk factor where individuals less than 3 years old and over 60 years old are at increased risk. [5] In addition, the risk of TACO increases as the number of units of blood products transfused increases. [9] Table 1 shows the volume transfused with each blood product.
Kidd antibodies are dangerous as they are capable of causing severe acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. They are unique in that they are capable of dropping to low or even undetectable levels after several months following an exposure. [5] Thus, on pre-transfusion testing, an anti-Jka or -Jkb may go undetected.
Duquette, who has worked as a registered nurse for nearly 50 years, told CNN she was afraid to leave because she still needed help getting out of bed and going to the bathroom and felt unsteady on ...
SHOT was established in 1996. [5] During the first ten years, it collected more than 2,000 confidential reports about transfusion safety problems or near misses. [5] During the first two years of voluntary reports, about half of these errors involved giving the wrong type of blood or blood component to a patient. [6]