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The circumcision controversy in early Christianity played an important role in Christian theology. [1] [2] [3] [4]The circumcision of Jesus is celebrated as a feast day in the liturgical calendar of many Christian denominations, while the teachings of the Apostle Paul asserted that physical circumcision was unnecessary for the salvation of Gentiles and their membership in the New Covenant.
Acts 15 is the fifteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.It records "the first great controversy in the records of the Christian Church", [1] concerning the necessity of circumcision, Paul and Barnabas traveling to Jerusalem to attend the Council of Jerusalem and the beginning of Paul's second missionary journey. [2]
Daniel B. Wallace, who holds to the traditional authorship of the other epistles, states that "the arguments against Pauline authorship, however, are conclusive." [16] As a result, although a few people today believe Paul wrote Hebrews, such as theologian R. C. Sproul, [17] contemporary scholars generally reject Pauline authorship. [18]
Paul and Luke describe its course and results differently. According to Acts 15, there was a plenary meeting of the early church at which the Judaizers initially argued that the circumcision of the Gentile Christians was necessary. This was followed by an internal debate between Peter, Barnabas, Paul, James and probably others.
Map of Antiochia in Roman and early Byzantine times. This section opens the account of Paul's first missionary journey (Acts 13:1-14:28) which starts with a deliberate and prayerful step of the church in Antioch, a young congregation established by those who had been scattered from persecution in Jerusalem (Acts 11:20–26) and has grown into an active missionary church. [3]
Paul's influence on Christian thinking is considered to be more significant than that of any other New Testament author. [3] According to Krister Stendahl, the main concern of Paul's writings on Jesus' role, and salvation by faith, is not the individual conscience of human sinners, and their doubts about being chosen by God or not, but the problem of the inclusion of Gentile (Greek) Torah ...
[129] Paul also mentions that even Barnabas, his traveling companion and fellow apostle until that time, sided with Peter. [123] The outcome of the incident remains uncertain. The Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Paul won the argument, because "Paul's account of the incident leaves no doubt that Peter saw the justice of the rebuke". [123]
Paul begins his address by emphasizing the need to know God, rather than worshiping the unknown: "As I walked around and looked carefully at your objects of worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. So you are ignorant of the very thing you worship — and this is what I am going to proclaim to you."