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The required environment for infection after spores land on a plant consists of rainfall or dew. Also, weather that is humid and warm promotes the spread. Spores can be spread by wind to other plants. An important factor in development of rust epidemics is the infection of volunteer faba bean plants. [2]
Genetic control consists of planting rust-resistant hybrid varieties. [ 8 ] Chemical management can be applied using fungicides on both oilseed and confection type sunflowers and is most effective during the (R5) flowering stage or when the disease severity reaches 1% on the upper four, fully expanded leaves.
Gymnosporangium libocedri, the Pacific Coast pear rust, is a plant pathogen and rust fungus. [1] It produces orange gelatinous growths ( telia ) on incense cedar in the spring. Its secondary hosts include apple , crabapple , hawthorn , mountain ash , pear , quince , and serviceberry .
Southern rust spreads more quickly and has a higher economic impact when hot, humid weather conditions persist. Timely fungicide applications to control southern rust are more crucial than with common rust. [26] A variety of preventative methods can be employed for rust diseases: High moisture levels may exacerbate rust disease symptoms.
Austropuccinia is a monotypic genus of rust (a type of plant pathogen) native to South America with the only species Austropuccinia psidii, commonly known as myrtle rust, guava rust, or ʻōhiʻa rust. It affects plants in the family Myrtaceae. It is a member of the fungal complex called the guava rust (Puccinia psidii) group. [3]
Soybean rust is a disease that affects soybeans and other legumes. It is caused by two types of fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, commonly known as Asian soybean rust, and Phakopsora meibomiae, commonly known as New World soybean rust. P. meibomiae is the weaker pathogen of the two and generally does not cause widespread problems.
Rust diseases are among the most destructive plant diseases, known to cause famine following destruction of grains, vegetables, and legumes. [5] [6] Asparagus rust occurs wherever the plant is grown and attacks asparagus plants during and after the cutting season. Asparagus spears are usually harvested before extensive rust symptoms appear. [7]
Puccinia thaliae is the causal agent of canna rust, a fungal disease of Canna. Symptoms include yellow to tan spots on the plant's leaves and stems. Initial disease symptoms will result in scattered sori (clustered sporangia), eventually covering the entirety of the leaf with coalescing postulates.