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ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operation is the transfer of cargo between seagoing ships positioned alongside each other, either while stationary or underway. Cargoes typically transferred via STS methods include crude oil , liquefied gas ( LPG or LNG ), bulk cargo, and petroleum products.
"In May 2010 the Office of Naval Research (ONR) conducted a ... at-sea demonstration of their Large Vessel Interface Lift-on/Lift-off (LVI Lo/Lo) crane system in sea state 3 conditions. The LVI Lo/Lo demonstrator is an advanced motion-compensated, at-sea cargo transfer system.
One shiplift can serve many parking places, while a dry docking installation can only dock one ship. Ship on a transfer system on a shiplift. For large vessels the transfer system consists of a number of trolleys or cradles, supported by high capacity steel wheels. The wheels drive on heavy duty rails.
A ship's engine department consists of the members of a ship's crew that operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel. Engine staff also deal with the "Hotel" facilities on board, notably the sewage , lighting, air conditioning and water systems.
Transshipment or transhipment at sea is done by transferring goods such as cargo, personnel, and equipment from one ship to another. It is a common practice in global fisheries and typically takes place between smaller fishing vessels and large specialized refrigerated transport vessels, also referred to as “reefers” that onload catch and deliver supplies if necessary.
One possible reason for transshipment is to change the means of transport during the journey (e.g., from ship transport to road transport), known as transloading. Another reason is to combine small shipments into a large shipment (consolidation), or the opposite: dividing a large shipment into smaller shipments (deconsolidation).
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The bulk shipping industry carries large parcels of raw materials and bulky semi-manufactures.This is a very distinctive business. Bulk vessels handle few transactions, typically completing about six voyages with a single cargo each year, so the average revenue depends on a dozen of negotiations per ship each year.