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  2. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Here k is the first-order rate constant, having dimension 1/time, [A](t) is the concentration at a time t and [A] 0 is the initial concentration. The rate of a first-order reaction depends only on the concentration and the properties of the involved substance, and the reaction itself can be described with a characteristic half-life. More than ...

  3. Chemical kinetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_kinetics

    In consecutive reactions, the rate-determining step often determines the kinetics. In consecutive first order reactions, a steady state approximation can simplify the rate law. The activation energy for a reaction is experimentally determined through the Arrhenius equation and the Eyring equation.

  4. Rate equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_equation

    A first order reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant (a unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be present, but their concentration has no effect on the rate. The rate law for a first order reaction is [] = [], The unit of k is s-1. [18]

  5. Law of mass action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_mass_action

    The hypothesis that reaction rate is proportional to reactant concentrations is, strictly speaking, only true for elementary reactions (reactions with a single mechanistic step), but the empirical rate expression = [] [] is also applicable to second order reactions that may not be concerted reactions. Guldberg and Waage were fortunate in that ...

  6. Reaction mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_mechanism

    An example of a simple chain reaction is the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO) to methane (CH 4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The experimental reaction order is 3/2, [4] which can be explained by a Rice-Herzfeld mechanism. [5] This reaction mechanism for acetaldehyde has 4 steps with rate equations for each step :

  7. Elimination reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimination_reaction

    Elimination reaction of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene with sulfuric acid and heat [1] An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. [2] The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction ...

  8. SN2 reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN2_reaction

    Many reactions studied are solvolysis reactions where a solvent molecule (often an alcohol) is the nucleophile. While still a second order reaction mechanistically, the reaction is kinetically first order as the concentration of the nucleophile–the solvent molecule, is effectively constant during the reaction.

  9. Autocatalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocatalysis

    The graph for these equations is a sigmoid curve (specifically a logistic function), which is typical for autocatalytic reactions: these chemical reactions proceed slowly at the start (the induction period) because there is little catalyst present, the rate of reaction increases progressively as the reaction proceeds as the amount of catalyst ...