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These college access programs differentiate themselves among other first-generation student interventions by recruiting their cohorts at an early age and having their students attend the comprehensive, long-term program for a number of years.
Early intervention is a system of coordinated services that promotes the child's age-appropriate growth and development and supports families during the critical early years. In the United States, some early intervention services to eligible children and families are federally mandated through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
Early college programs aim to close the academic gap between high school and college education, especially for first-generation and low-income students. Through these programs, high school students can enroll in college level classes, usually on campus, and earn credits that apply to their college degree and high school diploma.
The plan must show an intention to increase the rate of college-going for low-income students in addition to providing a scholarship to students. [2] In addition, it must prepare students to succeed at the college level. Partnership grants have the same goals, however, they are only required to fulfill the early intervention component. [3]
Early intervention programs for children living in low socioeconomic situations, such as the Head Start Program, began showing up around the country. [6] Education was soon at the forefront of many political agendas. As of the early 1970s, U.S. public schools accommodated 1 out of 5 children with disabilities. [7]
When children are diagnosed early, they can start receiving services at earlier stages of development. State health and/or education departments offer early intervention services for children under the age of three years, while the public school system offers services for children from ages three through twenty-one. [12]
In the early years, some 700,000 children enrolled at a per-capita cost of $2,000 to $3,000 (2011 dollars). Under the full-time program, enrollment dropped to under 400,000 by the early 1970s. Enrollment reached close to 1 million children by 2011.
Numerous programs have been created in order to help children at risk reach their full potential. Among the American programs of compensary education are Head Start, the Chicago Child-Parent Center Program, High/Scope, Abecedarian Early Intervention Project, SMART (Start Making a Reader Today), the Milwaukee Project and the 21st Century Community Learning Center.