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Orthographic dyslexics have difficulty in storing mental representation of words, especially phonetically irregular words such as word spellings that end in -ight ("light" and "sight"). The problems underlying this type of dyslexia are related directly to memory and coding skills that allow representation of printed letters and words, not to ...
Dysorthography is a disorder of spelling which accompanies dyslexia by a direct consequence of the phonological disorder. [1] [2] In the American classification from the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the classification from the World Health Organization (WHO), it is a subtype of specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression.
Several studies have found that different levels of brain damage can lead to the occurrence of varying forms of non-word reading disorders. [6] [7] It has been found that during certain tasks, dyslexics had activated one of two regions of the brain: the Broca's area, which is responsible for speech, or the Wernicke's area, which is responsible for forming and understanding.
Dyslexia is not limited to difficulty in converting letters to sounds, and Chinese people with dyslexia may have difficulty converting Chinese characters into their meanings. [ 111 ] [ 112 ] The Chinese vocabulary uses logographic, monographic, non-alphabet writing where one character can represent an individual phoneme.
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There is a regularity effect associated with lexical agraphia in that individuals are less likely to correctly spell words without regular, predictable spellings. [2] Additionally, spelling ability tends to be less impaired for common words. [2] Individuals also have difficulty with homophones. [2]
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There is a considerable similarity among aphasia syndromes in terms of picture-naming behavior, however anomic aphasiacs produced the fewest phonemic errors and the most multiword circumlocutions. These results suggest minimal word-production difficulty in anomic aphasia relative to other aphasia syndromes. [17]