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The Sikh Empire, officially known as Sarkār-i-Khālsa and Khālasa Rāj, [citation needed] was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. [7] It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the British East India Company in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Rani Sada Kaur (Punjabi: ਸਦਾ ਕੌਰ; c. 1762 – 1832) was a Sikh leader. She served as the Chief of the Kanhaiya Misl from 1789 to 1821, following the death of her husband Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya, the heir to Jai Singh Kanhaiya, the leader of the Kanhaiya Misl, and she is sometimes referred to as Sardarni Sada Kaur.
The Nishan Sahib Sikh flag flew throughout the empire. The Nihangs had the Blue Flag, while different regiments of the army from different religions were allowed to have banners of their own. The regular regiments of different Sikh sardars had mostly blue-coloured flags and banners. The infantry regiments had flags with depictions of plants and ...
The term Khalsa [a] refers to both a community that follows Sikhism as its religion, [5] as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs. [6] The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh. Its formation was a key event in the history of Sikhism. [7]
Lahore City and Fort, circa 1825 The young Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last Sikh ruler of the Punjab. The Sikh Rule in Lahore initiated from the conquest and rule of the Sikh Misls and extended till the Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh (also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, Sarkar Khālsā Rāj, and Sarkar Khalsaji) [1] which ended in 1849. [2]
In 1799, Raja Ranjit Singh's army of 25,000 Khalsa, supported by another 25,000 Khalsa led by his mother-in-law Rani Sada Kaur of Kanhaiya misl, in a joint operation attacked the region controlled by Bhangi Sikhs centered around Lahore. The rulers escaped, marking Lahore as the first major conquest of Ranjit Singh.
Sultan Mahmud Khan (died 1859) was a commander of the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of Sarkar e Khalsa.His derah of artillery was designated as Topkhana Sultan Mahmud. [1] He is regarded as one of the best commanding officers of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
On April 2, 1801, Ranjit Singh founded the Sarkar e Khalsa and proclaimed himself the "Maharaja of Punjab". Earlier that year in February, Datar Kaur had given birth to Ranjit Singh's first son and heir apparent, Kharak Singh and four years later she gave birth to another son, Rattan Singh.
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