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Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. [6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. [6] [7] Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β ...
Pantethine (bis-pantethine or co-enzyme pantethine) is a dimeric form of pantetheine, which is produced from pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) by the addition of cysteamine. Pantethine was discovered by Gene Brown, a PhD student at the time. Pantethine is two molecules of pantetheine linked by a disulfide bridge.
Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5), and is thus a provitamin of B 5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Panthenol is used in pharmaceutical and children's products as a moisturizer and to hasten wound healing.
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate.
Pantetheine is the cysteamine amide analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5). The dimer of this compound, pantethine is more commonly known, and is considered to be the most potent form of vitamin B 5. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the catabolism of coenzyme A by the body. [1] [2] [3]
Roger John Williams (August 14, 1893 – February 20, 1988), was an American biochemist.He is known for is work on vitamins and human nutrition. He had leading roles in the discovery of folic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, lipoic acid, and avidin. [1]
Coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a β-mercaptoethylamine group linked to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) through an amide linkage [3] and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. The acetyl group (indicated in blue in the structural diagram on the right) of acetyl-CoA is linked to the sulfhydryl substituent of the β-mercaptoethylamine group.
The SMVT is a transporter for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and biotin (vitamin B7) at the blood–brain barrier. [8] It is also a transporter for lipoic acid [9] and iodide. Transport of these nutrients is competitive [10] and a surplus of a given nutrient may saturate the transporter and prevent the uptake of other nutrients.
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