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A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. [1] They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. [2]
Widely recognised as being among the largest known stars, [21] radius decreased to ~500 R ☉ during the 2020 great dimming event. [76] R Horologii: 630 [60] L/T eff: A red giant star with one of the largest ranges in brightness known of stars in the night sky visible to the unaided eye. Despite its large radius, it is less massive than the Sun.
Asymptotic-giant-branch stars range from similar luminosities as the brighter stars of the red-giant branch, up to several times more luminous at the end of the thermal pulsing phase. Among the asymptotic-giant-branch stars belong the carbon stars of type C-N and late C-R, produced when carbon and other elements are convected to the surface in ...
One region contained larger and more luminous stars of spectral types A to M and received the name giant. [1] Subsequently, as they lacked any measurable parallax, it became apparent that some of these stars were significantly larger and more luminous than the bulk, and the term super-giant arose, quickly adopted as supergiant. [2] [3] [4]
The list specifically excludes both white dwarfs – former stars that are now seen to be "dead" but radiating residual heat – and black holes – fragmentary remains of exploded stars which have gravitationally collapsed, even though accretion disks surrounding those black holes might generate heat or light exterior to the star's remains ...
Normal giant stars are stars of luminosity class III. Subcategories. This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. A. A-type giants (82 P) B. B ...
The nearest yellow giant, together with Capella A. With a magnitude of 0.08, [ 11 ] the Capella star system is the 6th-brightest star in the night sky. Capella B
Class S stars have excess amounts of zirconium and other elements produced by the s-process, and have more similar carbon and oxygen abundances to class M or carbon stars. Like carbon stars, nearly all known class S stars are asymptotic-giant-branch stars. The spectral type is formed by the letter S and a number between zero and ten.