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  2. Block (periodic table) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)

    The p orbital can hold a maximum of six electrons, hence there are six columns in the p-block. Elements in column 13, the first column of the p-block, have one p-orbital electron. Elements in column 14, the second column of the p-block, have two p-orbital electrons. The trend continues this way until column 18, which has six p-orbital electrons.

  3. Main-group element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-group_element

    The s-block elements are primarily characterised by one main oxidation state, and the p-block elements, when they have multiple oxidation states, often have common oxidation states separated by two units. Main-group elements (with some of the lighter transition metals) are the most abundant elements on Earth, in the Solar System, and in the ...

  4. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    [39] [58] From gallium onwards, the 3d orbitals form part of the electronic core, and no longer participate in chemistry. [57] The s- and p-block elements, which fill their outer shells, are called main-group elements; the d-block elements (coloured blue below), which fill an inner shell, are called transition elements (or transition metals ...

  5. Help : Periodic table classifications in the English Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Periodic_table...

    So helium becomes the only s-block noble gas and has a different block from all the others. This is a popular format that agrees with the periodic tables drawn in those IUPAC reports mentioned above. Some sources have considered alternative placements (helium in group 2 following electronics is getting some attention recently), but IUPAC has ...

  6. Types of periodic tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_periodic_tables

    Groups 1 and 2 (the s-block) have been moved to the right side of the table. The s-block is shifted up one row, thus all elements not in the s-block are now one row lower than in the standard table. For example, most of the fourth row in the standard table is the fifth row in this table. Helium is placed in group 2 (not in group 18).

  7. List of aqueous ions by element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../List_of_aqueous_ions_by_element

    Ⓗ The transition metals (or d-block metals) further show electrochemical character, in terms of their capacity to form positive or negative ions, that is in-between that of (i) the s and f-block metals; and (ii) the p-block elements. [16] [a] Ⓘ The p-block shows a relatively distinct cutoff in periods 1 to 4 between elements commonly ...

  8. Inert-pair effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inert-pair_effect

    The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals.The term inert-pair effect is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxidation states that are two less than the group valency for the heavier elements of groups 13, 14, 15 and 16.

  9. Period (periodic table) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)

    There are currently seven complete periods in the periodic table, comprising the 118 known elements. Any new elements will be placed into an eighth period; see extended periodic table. The elements are colour-coded below by their block: red for the s-block, yellow for the p-block, blue for the d-block, and green for the f-block.