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  2. Thing-in-itself - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing-in-itself

    In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation. The concept of the thing-in-itself was introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, and over the following centuries was met with controversy among later philosophers. [1]

  3. Transcendental apperception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_apperception

    Transcendental apperception is the uniting and building of coherent consciousness out of different elementary inner experiences (differing in both time and topic, but all belonging to self-consciousness). For example, the experience of "passing of time" relies on this transcendental unity of apperception, according to Kant.

  4. Critical philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_philosophy

    Critical philosophy (German: kritische Philosophie) is a movement inaugurated by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). It is dedicated to the self-examination of reason with the aim of exposing its inherent limitations, that is, to defining the possibilities of knowledge as a prerequisite to advancing to knowledge itself.

  5. German idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_idealism

    As a philosophical position, idealism claims that the true objects of knowledge are "ideal," meaning mind-dependent, as opposed to material. The term stems from Plato's view that the "Ideas," the categories or concepts which our mind abstracts from our empirical experience of particular things, are more real than the particulars themselves, which depend on the Ideas rather than the Ideas ...

  6. Transcendental idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_idealism

    Schopenhauer takes Kant's transcendental idealism as the starting point for his own philosophy, which he presents in The World as Will and Representation. Schopenhauer described transcendental idealism briefly as a "distinction between the phenomenon and the thing in itself", and a recognition that only the phenomenon is accessible to us ...

  7. Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant

    Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy.

  8. Schema (Kant) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_(Kant)

    Ellington, James W., "The Unity of Kant's Thought in His Philosophy of Corporeal Nature," Philosophy of Material Nature, Hackett, 1985, ISBN 0-915145-88-X; Heidegger, Martin, Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, Indiana U. Press, Bloomington, 1962; Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-65729-6

  9. Kantianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantianism

    Kantianism (German: Kantianismus) is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). The term Kantianism or Kantian is sometimes also used to describe contemporary positions in philosophy of mind , epistemology , and ethics .