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There is an additional 1% tax (the California Mental Health Services Act tax) if your taxable income is more than $1,000,000, which results in a top income tax rate of 13.3% in California which is the highest statewide income tax rate in the United States. [42] The standard deduction is $4,601 for 2020. [43]
The department handles the vast majority of California's sales, use and excise tax assessment, auditing and collection. It also collects the 1.25% Bradley-Burns Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax and various 'district taxes'. Sales & use tax; Alcoholic Beverage Tax (contracted to administer on behalf of the Board of Equalization) California Tire Fee
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
the 2007 finding that non-diabetic family members of type 1 diabetics had increased risk for microvascular complications, [62] such as diabetic retinopathy [63] Some genes appear to provide protection against diabetic complications, as seen in a subset of long-term diabetes type 1 survivors without complications. [64] [65]
In 1929, the state legislature created the office of the Franchise Tax Commissioner to administer California's Bank and Corporation Franchise Tax Act. [1] In 1950, California abolished the office of the Franchise Tax Commissioner and created the Franchise Tax Board as it exists today. [1] The Executive Officers of the Franchise Tax Board have been:
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
There is an association between the grade of retinopathy and mortality. In a classic study in 1939 Keith and colleagues [6] described the prognosis of people with differing severity of retinopathy. They showed 70% of those with grade 1 retinopathy were alive after 3 years whereas only 6% of those with grade 4 survived.