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Many Ethernet adapters and switch ports support multiple speeds by using autonegotiation to set the speed and duplex for the best values supported by both connected devices. If autonegotiation fails, some multiple-speed devices sense the speed used by their partner, [ 1 ] but this may result in a duplex mismatch .
Differential pairs generally carry differential or semi-differential signals, such as high-speed digital serial interfaces including LVDS differential ECL, PECL, LVPECL, Hypertransport, Ethernet over twisted pair, serial digital interface, RS-422, RS-485, USB, Serial ATA, TMDS, FireWire, and HDMI, etc., or else high quality and/or high ...
The Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) is a physical and logical interface defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard for 10BASE5 Ethernet [1] and the earlier DIX standard. The physical interface consists of a 15-pin D-subminiature connector that links an Ethernet node's physical signaling to the Medium Attachment Unit (MAU), [2] sometimes referred to as ...
The low differential voltage, about 350 mV, causes LVDS to consume very little power compared to other signaling technologies. At 2.5 V supply voltage the power to drive 3.5 mA becomes 8.75 mW, compared to the 90 mW dissipated by the load resistor for an RS-422 signal.
Power is supplied as a common-mode signal over two or more of the differential pairs of wires found in the Ethernet cables and comes from a power supply within a PoE-providing networking device, such as an Ethernet switch, or by a PoE injector, a PoE power source that can be used in combination with a non-PoE switch.
RS-422 uses a nominal 0 to 5-volt signal, while MIL-STD-188-114B uses a signal symmetric about 0 V. However, the tolerance for common-mode voltage in both specifications allows them to interoperate. Care must be taken with the termination network. RS-423 is a similar specification for unbalanced signaling.
Auto polarity (digital multimeter), automatic polarity switching for signals in measurement devices; Auto polarity (differential signals), automatic polarity switching of differential signals; Auto polarity (Ethernet), automatic polarity of differential pairs in networking
The general convention is for network hubs, bridges and switches to use the MDI-X configuration, while all other nodes such as personal computers, workstations, servers and routers use an MDI interface. Some routers and other devices had an uplink/normal switch to go back and forth between MDI and MDI-X on a specific port. [1]
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