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Nicotine gum is available via general, pharmaceutical, and online sales without the need for a prescription. Flavor options range from mint and cinnamon to various fruit flavors, and doses range from 2–6 mg, though it is most commonly sold in 2 and 4 mg strengths. Common side effects include mouth irritation or ulcers, jaw pain, and hiccups.
[31] [32] Other common side effects depend on the formulation of nicotine. [1] Common side effects with the gum include nausea, hiccups, and irritation of the mouth. [1] Common side effects with the patch include skin irritation and a dry mouth while the inhaler commonly results in a cough, runny nose, or headaches. [1]
It is added to gum and hard lozenges used for nicotine replacement therapy in smoking cessation, such as in the Nicorette range of products. The use of the polymer as a delivery system maximizes the amount of nicotine released and absorbed by the oral mucosa . 80 to 90 percent of the nicotine released from the gum is absorbed by the mouth.
The first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was published in 1984 [3] by Jed Rose, Murray Jarvik, and Daniel Rose, and was followed by publication by Rose et al. (1985) of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes. [4]
Nicorette chewing gum is available in two strengths: 2 mg/piece and 4 mg/piece. Dosing would depend on the degree of nicotine dependence: light smokers should use 2 mg gum, heavy smokers (more than 25 cigarettes a day) should use 4 mg gum. [19] Patients should chew gum once they feel the craving. [19]
Dr Khan put the annual cost to society of smoking at around £17 billion – £2.4 billion to the NHS alone – and said “making smoking obsolete in England would lift around 2.6 million adults ...
A 2015 review concluded that "Nicotine acts as a gateway drug on the brain, and this effect is likely to occur whether the exposure is from smoking tobacco, passive tobacco smoke or e-cigarettes." [25] Nicotine may have a profound impact on sleep. [26] The effects on sleep vary after being intoxicated, during withdrawal, and from long-term use ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...