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In French, subordinators form a distinct lexical category and include words such as que (that) and si (whether/if). Syntactically, these subordinators typically precede the subordinate clause. Semantically, they are primarily functional, serving to connect the subordinate clause to the main clause without adding significant meaning themselves.
They can be used to connect clauses or phrases and express relationships such as cause, condition, or concession. Some common conjunctional phrases in French include: afin que (so that) à condition que (provided that) à moins que (unless), au cas où (in case), en dépit de (despite), pour que (so that, in order that), tant que (as long as).
In complement clefts the cleft constituent is a complement of both the main verb of the cleft clause and the non-cleft clause. For example, c'est Kant que Stella lit ('it's Kant that Stella reads'). The final type of clefts are adverbial clefts, which are the most common clefts in French, but are not found in all languages with clefts, such as ...
The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the precise situations in which they are used ...
In French, while the standard language requires the indicative in the dependent clause, using the conditional mood in both clauses is frequently used by some speakers: Si j ' aurais su, je ne serais pas venu ("If would have known, I wouldn't have come") instead of Si j ' avais su, je ne serais pas venu ("If I had known, I wouldn't have come ...
Horn clauses, named after the linguist Laurence R. Horn, who discovered the constructions, are clauses which feature a that clause complement containing an extracted NPI, triggering negative inversion, and further undergoing subject-auxiliary inversion. [8] [13] Take, for example, the following clause where the NPI is highlighted:
An auxiliary verb (abbreviated aux) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany an infinitive verb or a participle, which respectively provide the main semantic content of the clause. [1] An example is ...
They are so called because the impact of the sentence’s main clause is conditional on a subordinate clause. A full conditional thus contains two clauses: the subordinate clause, called the antecedent (or protasis or if-clause), which expresses the condition, and the main clause, called the consequent (or apodosis or then-clause) expressing ...