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(Spanish: "Si yo fuera/fuese rico, compraría una casa.") [66] The perfect past subjunctive (the imperfect subjunctive of haber and then a past participle) refers to an unfulfilled condition in the past, and the other clause would be in the perfect conditional: "Si yo hubiera/hubiese tenido dinero, habría comprado la casa" ("If I had been rich ...
In other examples in reported speech, the subjunctive in the 'if' clause represents an original present subjunctive with potential meaning: voluptātem, sī ipsa prō sē loquātur, concessūram arbitror dignitātī (Cicero) [60] 'I believe that Pleasure, if she were to speak for herself, would give way to Dignity'
In the following example, the perfect subjunctive in the main clause is used to describe a future potential result: sī nunc mē suspendam, meīs inimīcīs voluptātem creāverim (Plautus) [86] 'if I were to hang myself now, I would simply have given my enemies pleasure' The following has the perfect subjunctive in both clauses:
Today, the two forms of the imperfect subjunctive – for example, "hubiese" and "hubiera", from "haber" – are largely interchangeable.* The -se form derives (as in most Romance languages) from the Latin pluperfect subjunctive, while the -ra form derives from the Latin pluperfect indicative. The use of one or the other is largely a matter of ...
The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the precise situations in which they are used ...
Examples are the English and French conditionals (an analytic construction in English, [c] but inflected verb forms in French), which are morphologically futures-in-the-past, [1] and of which each has thus been referred to as a "so-called conditional" [1] [2] (French: soi-disant conditionnel [3] [4] [5]) in modern and contemporary linguistics ...
The imperfect subjunctive can also be used to represent an imagined or wished for situation in present time: [337] utinam Servius Sulpicius vīveret! (Cicero) [338] 'if only Servius Sulpicius were alive (now)!' In a conditional clause representing an unreal situation in present time, the imperfect subjunctive is used in both clauses:
The English subjunctive is realized as a finite but tenseless clause. Subjunctive clauses use a bare or plain verb form, which lacks any inflection. For instance, a subjunctive clause would use the verb form "be" rather than "am/is/are" and "arrive" rather than "arrives", regardless of the person and number of the subject. [4] (1) Subjunctive ...