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A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes are termed:
The first person to build a working four-stroke engine, a stationary engine using a coal gas-air mixture for fuel (a gas engine), was German engineer Nicolaus Otto. [4] This is why the four-stroke principle today is commonly known as the Otto cycle and four-stroke engines using spark plugs often are called Otto engines.
Power: While the piston is descending the combustion gases perform work on it, as in a 4-stroke engine. The same thermodynamics for the expansion apply. Scavenging: Around 75° of crankshaft rotation before BDC the exhaust valve or port opens, and blowdown occurs. Shortly thereafter the intake valve or transfer port opens.
The M4+2 engine, also known as the double-piston internal combustion engine, is a type of internal combustion engine invented by Polish patent holder Piotr Mężyk. [1] The M4+2 engine took its name from a combination of two-stroke engines and four-stroke engines. The two-stroke combustion engine is characterized by a simple construction and ...
The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it, fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the combustion chamber, into which fuel is then injected. This is in contrast to igniting the fuel-air mixture with a spark plug as in the Otto cycle (four-stroke/petrol) engine.
The net work equals the area inside because it is (a) the Riemann sum of work done on the substance due to expansion, minus (b) the work done to re-compress. Because the net variation in state properties during a thermodynamic cycle is zero, it forms a closed loop on a P-V diagram.
The net work done by the system is equal to the sum of the work done during each step of the cycle. Since all processes in the cycles shown in Figure 2 are reversible, except for the detonation process, the work computed is an upper limit to the work that can be obtained during any cyclic process with a propagating detonation as the combustion ...
The induction stroke is the first phase in a four-stroke (e.g. Otto cycle or Diesel cycle) engine.It involves the downward movement of the piston, creating a partial vacuum that draws an air-fuel mixture (or air alone, in the case of a direct injection engine) into the combustion chamber.