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Social construction of technology (SCOT) is a theory within the field of science and technology studies. Advocates of SCOT—that is, social constructivists —argue that technology does not determine human action, but that rather, human action shapes technology.
The preconditions of technology are the skills and resources that are vital to using technology to its fullest potential. Finally, the unintended consequences of technology are unanticipated effects and impact of technology. The cell phone is an example of the social shaping of technology (Zulto 2009).
Technological determinism has been defined as an approach that identifies technology, or technological advances, as the central causal element in processes of social change. [12] As technology is stabilized, its design tends to dictate users' behaviors, consequently stating that "technological progress equals social progress."
In contrast, social determinism (SD), popularized by social theorists Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, purports that social structure is the driving factor towards change in society. [6] Following this view, society is the governing force that determines social behaviour, and technology is created and adapted based on society's wants and needs. [7]
Technological determinism is the notion that technological change and development are inevitable and that the characteristics of any given technology determine how it is used by the society in which it is developed. The concept of technological determinism is dependent on the premise that social changes come about as a result of the new ...
Technology is the sum of ways in which social groups construct the material objects of their civilizations. The things made are socially constructed just as much as technically constructed. The merging of these two things, construction and insight, is sociotechnology.
Pfaffenberger (1992) [20] treats technology as drama to argue that a recursive structuring of technological artifacts and their social structure discursively regulate the technological construction of political power. A technological drama is a discourse of technological "statements" and "counterstatements" within the processes of technological ...
He contributed to the concepts of technological momentum, technological determinism, large technical systems, social construction of technology, and introduced systems theory into the history of technology. His book American Genesis was shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2003. [6]