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The equivalent width of a spectral line is a measure of the area of the line on a plot of intensity versus wavelength in relation to underlying continuum level. It is found by forming a rectangle with a height equal to that of continuum emission, and finding the width such that the area of the rectangle is equal to the area in the spectral line.
The earth station aperture should make a compromise between the space overhead (equivalent rent bandwidth) and ground overhead (antenna aperture) in order to make the system achieve optimum allocation. Achievable G/T with current VSAT antenna in C & Ku Bands (Elevation Angle E=35 Degree) Diameter G/T 3.8m 21.7 7.5m 25.3 11m 31.7
The following table lists equivalent radii for various conductor cross-sections derived assuming 1) all dimensions are much less than , 2) for cross-sections composed of multiple conductors, the distances between conductors are much greater than any single conductor dimension. . Formulas for the square and triangular cross-sections follow from ...
For holes, is the number of holes per unit volume in the valence band. To calculate this number for electrons, we start with the idea that the total density of conduction-band electrons, , is just adding up the conduction electron density across the different energies in the band, from the bottom of the band to the top of the band .
A generalization of the Landauer formula for multiple terminals is the Landauer–Büttiker formula, [5] [4] proposed by Markus Büttiker [].If terminal has voltage (that is, its chemical potential is and differs from terminal chemical potential), and , is the sum of transmission probabilities from terminal to terminal (note that , may or may not equal , depending on the presence of a magnetic ...
The equivalent rectangular bandwidth or ERB is a measure used in psychoacoustics, which gives an approximation to the bandwidths of the filters in human hearing, using the unrealistic but convenient simplification of modeling the filters as rectangular band-pass filters, or band-stop filters, like in tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT).
One difference between the Gaussian and SI systems is in the factor 4π in various formulas that relate the quantities that they define. With SI electromagnetic units, called rationalized, [3] [4] Maxwell's equations have no explicit factors of 4π in the formulae, whereas the inverse-square force laws – Coulomb's law and the Biot–Savart law – do have a factor of 4π attached to the r 2.
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...