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  2. Reflux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflux

    The diagram shows a typical reflux apparatus. It includes a water bath to indirectly heat the mixture. As many solvents used are flammable, direct heating with a Bunsen burner is not generally suitable, and alternatives such as a water bath, oil bath, sand bath, electric hot plate or heating mantle are employed. [6]

  3. Condenser (laboratory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)

    In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors – that is, turn them into liquids – by cooling them down. [1] Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. In distillation, a mixture is heated until the more volatile components boil off, the vapors are ...

  4. Liebig condenser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig_condenser

    Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket.

  5. File:Reflux English.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reflux_English.svg

    This is a diagram of a en:reflux apparatus with English labels. This is an SVG conversion, by hand, of en:Image:Reflux.png. A version with number labels instead of english can be found Image:Reflux.svg

  6. Fractionating column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionating_column

    The more reflux and/or more trays provided, the better is the tower's separation of lower boiling materials from higher boiling materials. The design and operation of a fractionating column depends on the composition of the feed as well as the composition of the desired products.

  7. File:Reflux labled.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reflux_labled.svg

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  8. File:Reflux apparatus numbered.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reflux_apparatus...

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  9. Soxhlet extractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soxhlet_extractor

    A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus [1] invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. [2] It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. It allows for ...