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The death of Pete Rose reminds a longtime former Kentucky columnist that the hit king, a gambling addict, was incapable of the kind of personal change that might have cleared his path to Cooperstown.
Faint young Sun paradox: The contradiction between existence of liquid water early in the Earth's history and the expectation that the output of the young Sun would have been insufficient to melt ice on Earth. Olbers' paradox: Why is the night sky dark if there is an infinity of stars, covering every part of the celestial sphere?
Reductio ad absurdum, painting by John Pettie exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1884. In logic, reductio ad absurdum (Latin for "reduction to absurdity"), also known as argumentum ad absurdum (Latin for "argument to absurdity") or apagogical arguments, is the form of argument that attempts to establish a claim by showing that the opposite scenario would lead to absurdity or contradiction.
In traditional logic, a contradiction occurs when a proposition conflicts either with itself or established fact. It is often used as a tool to detect disingenuous beliefs and bias . Illustrating a general tendency in applied logic, Aristotle 's law of noncontradiction states that "It is impossible that the same thing can at the same time both ...
[3]: 169 The text emphasized that correctly handling contradictions should be the major theme of national political life. [3]: 139 Contradictions among the people were not antagonistic. [6]: 95 To resolve contradictions among the people, it was necessary to use democratic methods, educational methods, and "unity-criticism-unity" methods.
A self-refuting idea or self-defeating idea is an idea or statement whose falsehood is a logical consequence of the act or situation of holding them to be true. Many ideas are called self-refuting by their detractors, and such accusations are therefore almost always controversial, with defenders stating that the idea is being misunderstood or that the argument is invalid.
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. [1] [2] It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion.
In classical logic, intuitionistic logic, and similar logical systems, the principle of explosion [a] [b] is the law according to which any statement can be proven from a contradiction. [1] [2] [3] That is, from a contradiction, any proposition (including its negation) can be inferred; this is known as deductive explosion. [4] [5]