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Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T 4), which is secreted by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine and thyroxine are chemically identical: natural thyroxine is also in the "levo" chiral form, the difference is only in terminological preference. T 4 is biosynthesized from tyrosine. Approximately 5% of the US population suffers from over ...
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
It is a thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) agonist. [1] The most common side effects include diarrhea and nausea. [2] Resmetirom was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2024. [2] [3] [4] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. [5]
A Cochrane review compared treatments using recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioactive iodine to radioactive iodine alone. [33] In this review it was found that the recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioactive iodine appeared to lead to a greater reduction in thyroid volume at the increased risk of hypothyroidism. [33]
Liothyronine may be used when there is an impaired conversion of T 4 to T 3 in peripheral tissues. [2] The dose of liothyronine for hypothyroidism is a lower amount than levothyroxine due it being a higher concentrated synthetic medication. [2]
It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3). [1] Thyroxine and its active metabolites are essential for regulating metabolic rate , supporting heart and muscle function , promoting brain development , and maintaining bone health .
The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, it is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck below the Adam's apple. It consists of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the isthmus (pl.: isthmi).
They inhibit release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.The most studied drug in this class is lithium, which inhibits thyroid hormone secretion by inhibiting iodotyrosine coupling, thyroidal iodide uptake, and alteration in structure of thyroglobulin, [10] a protein which acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and storage of inactive forms of T3, T4 and iodine within ...