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A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.
The term was suggested in 1916 by Clements, originally as a synonym for biotic community of Möbius (1877). [4] Later, it gained its current definition, based on earlier concepts of phytophysiognomy, formation and vegetation (used in opposition to flora), with the inclusion of the animal element and the exclusion of the taxonomic element of species composition.
The Brazilian Coastal Zone has as distinctive aspects in its long extension through different biomes that arrive until the coast, the biome of the Amazônia, the biome of the Caatinga and bioma of the Atlantic Forest. These biomes with wide variety of species and ecosystems, cover more than 8,500 km of coastline.
The Bioma Pampa Quebradas del Norte is a protected ecological area in Uruguay, protected by UNESCO since 2 June 2014. [1] This biological reserve consists out of a landscape with native grasses, streams and subtropical rainforests. [2] The biosphere reserve has a surface area of 110,882 hectares, consisting of a mosaic of ecosystems. [3]
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community.
The Lagunas de Guanacache, Desaguadero y del Bebedero in Mendoza Province form the most important wetland in the ecoregion, designated a Ramsar site. [2] This is a long chain of lagoons and marshes covering 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) fed by the Mendoza and San Juan rivers, which drains into the Desaguadero River .
The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Coastal Discovery Center is located across California State Route 1 (the Pacific Coast Highway) from the Hearst Castle visitor center in San Simeon, California, at the William Randolph Hearst Memorial State Beach.
The region has highly diverse plant communities. For example, over 300 orchid species have been identified, 60% of all orchid genera in Mexico. [1] Over 200 canopy tree species have been found in the Uxpanapa lowlands, and the entire region is estimated to have 3,500 vascular plant species.