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  2. Effector-triggered immunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effector-triggered_immunity

    Alternatively, effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) can occur if an effector protein can block the immune response triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and evade immunity, allowing the pathogen to propagate in the host. [1] ETI was first identified in plants [2] [3] but has also been identified in animal cells. [4]

  3. Plant disease resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_disease_resistance

    The system is known as PAMP-triggered immunity or as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). [7] [6] [8] The second tier, primarily governed by R gene products, is often termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI is typically activated by the presence of specific pathogen "effectors" and then triggers strong antimicrobial responses (see R gene ...

  4. R gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_gene

    A plant defense has two different types of immune system, the one that recognizes pathogen/microbes associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and this is also known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Plant defense mechanism depends on immune receptors found on the plasma membrane and then the mechanism can sense the pathogen associated molecular ...

  5. Damage-associated molecular pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damage-associated...

    To make up for this lack of defense, plants use the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathways to combat trauma and pathogens. PTI is the first line of defense in plants and is triggered by PAMPs to initiate signaling throughout the plant that damage has occurred to a cell. Along with the PTI, DAMPs are also ...

  6. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen-associated...

    Plant immunology frequently treats the terms "PAMP" and "MAMP" interchangeably, considering their recognition to be the first step in plant immunity, PTI (PAMP-triggered immunity), a relatively weak immune response that occurs when the host plant does not also recognize pathogenic effectors that damage it or modulate its immune response. [19]

  7. Hypersensitive response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitive_response

    Lesions caused by the plant hypersensitive response HR is commonly thought of as an effective defence strategy against biotrophic plant pathogens , which require living tissue to gain nutrients . In the case of necrotrophic pathogens , HR might even be beneficial to the pathogen , as they require dead plant cells to obtain nutrients .

  8. Elicitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elicitor

    The remaining immunity is called basal defense [4] which can limit the spread of virulent pathogens in their hosts but it is typically insufficient to prevent disease. [1] In response to this threat, plant's have evolved effector recognition protein receptors to recognise, or monitor, effectors and initiate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). [5]

  9. Pattern recognition receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

    Upon ligand recognition, the plant PRRs transduce "PAMP-triggered immunity" (PTI). [42] Plant immune systems also encode resistance proteins that resemble NOD-like receptors (see above), that feature NBS and LRR domains and can also carry other conserved interaction domains such as the TIR cytoplasmic domain found in Toll and interleukin ...