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The Red Sea slave trade, sometimes known as the Islamic slave trade, [1] Arab slave trade, [1] or Oriental slave trade, [1] was a slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking Africans from the African continent to slavery in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East from antiquity until the mid-20th century.
The inspection and sale of a slave. Slavery already existed in Kingdom of Kongo prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Because it had been established within his kingdom, Afonso I of Kongo believed that the slave trade should be subject to Kongo law.
For a long time, until the early 18th century, the khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East known as the Crimean slave trade. The Genoese colony of Caffa on the Black Sea coast of Crimea was one of the best known and significant trading ports and slave markets. [54]
This law was however nominal and slave trade continued. After British pressure, Sultan Abdul Hamid II promulgated a law against the African slave trade on 30 December 1889, Kanunname of 1889. [139] However, this law did not include any special punishment against slave trade within the empire, and it was not deemed efficient. [139]
The Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention, also known as Anglo-Egyptian Convention for the Suppression of the Slave Trade or Anglo-Egyptian Convention for the Abolition of Slavery was a treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Khedivate of Egypt from 1877. The first version of 1877 was followed by an addition in ...
The Muslim slave trade was most active in West Asia, Eastern Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. [21] After the Trans-Atlantic slave trade had been suppressed, the ancient Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade and the Red Sea slave trade continued to traffic slaves from the African continent to the Middle East. [21]
The slave trade from Africa to Arabia via the Red Sea had ancient Pre-Islamic roots, and the commercial slave trade was not interrupted by Islam. While in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Arab war captives were common targets of slavery, importation of slaves from Ethiopia across the Red Sea also took place.
The slave trade had been big also during the Umayyad Caliphate, but then, it had been mainly fueled by war captives and people enslaved as tax levy; during the Abbasid Caliphate, the slave trade in war captives was largerly supplanted by people bought through commercial slave trade provided for the slave markets in Basra, Baghdad and Samarra. [1]