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Polyculture farming has not disappeared entirely, and traditional polyculture systems continue to be an essential part of the food production system, especially in developing countries. [3] [2] Around 15% to 20% of the world's agriculture is estimated to rely on traditional polyculture systems. [1]
Rice polyculture is the cultivation of rice and another crop simultaneously on the same land. The practice exploits the mutual benefit between rice and organisms such as fish and ducks: the rice supports pests which serve as food for the fish and ducks, while the animals' excrement serves as fertilizer for the rice.
Rice-duck farming is the polycultural practice of raising ducks and rice on the same land. It has existed in different forms for centuries in Asian countries including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, sometimes also involving fish .
A rice-fish system is a rice polyculture, a practice that integrates rice agriculture with aquaculture, most commonly with freshwater fish. It is based on a mutually beneficial relationship between rice and fish in the same agroecosystem. The system was recognized by the FAO in 2002 as one of the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage ...
In Haudenosaunee or Iroquois farming, the fields were not tilled, enhancing soil fertility and the sustainability of the cropping system by limiting soil erosion and oxidation of soil organic matter. [5] A modern experiment found that the Haudenosaunee Three Sisters polyculture provided both more energy and more protein than any local ...
Systems of agriculture involving more than one species growing together in the same place at the same time. There are both traditional small-scale polycultures, mainly in the developing world, and modern large-scale polycultures in the developed world. The main article for this category is Polyculture.
Polyculture systems, such as intercropping or companion planting, offer more diversity and complexity within the same season or rotation. An example is the Three Sisters , the inter-planting of corn with pole beans and vining squash or pumpkins.
At its most basic, agroforestry is any of various polyculture systems that intentionally integrate trees with crops or pasture on the same land. [5] [2] An agroforestry system is intensively managed to optimize helpful interactions between the plants and animals included, and “uses the forest as a model for design."